The findings, published in the studies in JAMA Pediatrics, different from what is believed to be the scientists of human milk oligosakarida (HMO) — sugar molecules that are found exclusively in human BREAST MILK — and can lead to research in the future of how the compound is potentially influenced by diet and other factors.
Probiotics Affect Sugar Levels Of BREAST MILK
Although the HMO cannot be digested by the newborn child, the HMO is consumed by a particular species in the microbiome and can significantly affect composition. As a result, scientists have begun to focus on the HMO as a reason that lets babies who consume BREAST MILK are less likely to get the infection of viruses and bacteria, as well as other severe conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis, also allergic diseases such as allergic to food.
Human milk Oligosakarida (HMO) is a complex glycans and third largest solid component in breast milk, is the primary substrate for intestinal microbiota of the baby and affect the maturation of intestinal mucosal immune system.
All HMOS are extensions of lactose that is produced by the action of a set of glikosiltransferase. Its formation is dependent on the mother's blood type and Sekretor Lewis, fucosyltransferases FUT2 (the sekretor Gene) and/or FUT3 (gene Lewis) are available for the synthesis of HMOS. The resulting heterogeneity, implying that some babies who are breast fed not absolute HMO covered appropriate structures that can affect the composition of the microbiome.
Babies are fed by the mother who does not have the sekretor gene and therefore does not have the enzyme FUT2 functional and all of oligosakarida α-1-2 difucosylated has suspended development of the microbiota laden bifidobacteria. Also, if the baby was born via a caesarean delivery, they have a higher risk for eczema manifests associated IgE.
Recently the same research team found that a particular HMO is associated with protection against cow's milk allergy in infants. In addition to the genetic differences that are responsible for the differences in the profiles and change the number of HMO throughout lactation.
"HMO deemed genetically determined, almost like Your blood type, " says Antti Seppo, Ph.d., Research Professor of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology at URMC and principal author of the letter. "But this data shows that you can manipulate the HMO with external factors."
Although the composition of the HMO is largely genetically determined, probiotic supplementation of the mother during the final stages of pregnancy can change the composition of the HMO in breast milk. It is not known whether the change specifically for probiotics used in this research, and the findings need to be confirmed by other studies. In this case, the researchers hypothesised the shift from 6 ° to sialilasi sialilasi 3 '. and towards type-2 core structure in the HMO.
Mother's diet, drugs, and microbiome may be an important factor modulate the levels of maternal colostrum HMO that should be considered when assessing the biological effects are suspected to have been mediated by levels of HMOS. In the end, to modify the composition of the HMO ASI can open new ways to parse the disease in infants who are breast fed.
"We thought the interaction between the HMO and the microbiome is a one-way street, with microbial communities to form HMOS by acting as prebiotik, " says Lars Bode, Ph.d., associate professor of Pediatrics at the University of California San Diego, "here, we the first example has shown that microbial diet of the mother, in the form of probiotic, forming composition HMO. "
This study analyzed data from 81 registered pregnant women in the study of probiotic supplementation in Finland. The researchers then compared the 20 HMOS that are different in the two groups of women-those who use probiotics and those who don't.
Studies in the future potentially see effects types of probiotics and certain food groups on a particular HMO allows adjustments and clinical applications that are designed to optimize the composition of HMOS in certain diseases.